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For 3pl object: ditu , dituzu , ditu , ditugu , dituzue , dituzte . Every Basque verb has three main non-finite forms:
| Person | Basque | English | |--------|--------|---------| | Ni (I) | noa | I go | | Zu (you sg) | zoaz | you go | | Hura (s/he) | doa | s/he goes | | Gu (we) | goaz | we go | | Zuek (you pl) | zoazte | you (pl) go | | Haiek (they) | doaz | they go | verbos en euskera
| Form | Suffix | Example ( ikusi ) | Use | |------|--------|------------------|-----| | Participle (perfect) | -i (or -tu , -n , -si ) | ikusi | Perfect tenses, past participle | | Gerund (imperfect) | -tzen | ikusten | Progressive, habitual | | Future participle | -ko/-go | ikusiko | Future, prospective | For 3pl object: ditu , dituzu , ditu
Important: Edun is defective; it only appears as an auxiliary or in synthetic forms meaning “to have” (possession). The verb ukan is sometimes used as its root. Present tense of joan (intransitive, uses izan -type agreement): Present tense of joan (intransitive, uses izan -type
Euskera is a language isolate (not related to Indo-European, Uralic, or any other known family). Its verb system is polypersonal —the verb agrees not only with the subject but also with the direct object and indirect object. This makes Basque verbs more complex than those in Romance or Germanic languages, but highly systematic. 2. Main Verb Classes Basque verbs fall into two major categories: 2.1 Synthetic (or synthetic-conjugated) verbs Only about 15–20 verbs have a full synthetic conjugation (present and past tenses inflected for person and number). These are high-frequency verbs:
Notice: The auxiliary changes entirely depending on the combination of subject and object. The present tense of edun (for 3sg object) is:
The initial marks 3rd person object (absolutive). The -t, -zu, -Ø, -gu, -zue, -te mark subject (ergative).
