Petrucci Genel Kimya 2 Pdf May 2026

The law of mass action, introduced by Guldberg and Waage, states that the equilibrium constant (K) for a reaction can be expressed as the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants, each raised to a power equal to its stoichiometric coefficient. Mathematically, this is represented as:

K = [C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b

aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD

where K is the equilibrium constant, and [A], [B], [C], and [D] are the concentrations of reactants and products. petrucci genel kimya 2 pdf