Ages-ph-04-001 Fix Here

By the 1930s, pressures for sovereignty led to the , setting the stage for the Commonwealth — and eventually, full independence in 1946.

Did you know? After the Philippine-American War (1899–1902), the U.S. established a colonial government that reshaped education, language, and politics — but also fueled a new wave of Filipino identity.

How do you think the American period changed the trajectory of Filipino identity — for better or worse?

🇵🇭 📚 English replaced Spanish as the medium of instruction. 🗳️ The Philippine Assembly was established in 1907 — the first elected national legislature in Southeast Asia. ✍️ Writers like Paz Marquez Benitez and Jose Garcia Villa pioneered Philippine literature in English. 🌾 Peasant uprisings (e.g., Colorum, Sakdal) protested land inequality and broken promises of independence.

The American Colonial Era & The Rise of Filipino Nationalism (1900–1935)